遮穗和去颖下燕麦穗部特征变化和穗部光合贡献率估算

随着探索提高植物整体光合能力相关研究的不断开展，麦类作物穗部器官等植物非叶绿色器官光合潜力挖掘逐渐得到关注。本研究在成都平原秋播美达、贝勒、莫尼卡、摄政王、泰克和甜燕60等6个品种燕麦，设置遮穗、去颖2个试验处理，比较分析了各品种间穗部特征、穗部光合贡献率、颖片光合贡献率和茎光合物质转移率等差异。结果表明，燕麦穗部器官光合贡献率为28.56%～49.05%，其中甜燕60最高；6个品种燕麦的颖片光合贡献率为11.03%～36.88%，茎光合物质转移率为6.65%～35.81%。燕麦穗部器官对籽实增重表现了较高的光合贡献，当燕麦穗部器官光合受到限制时，燕麦单粒种子重和单穗种子数显著降低，尤其是影响双粒小穗数。     

Mg对‘黑美人’西瓜叶片C、N代谢的影响

通过砂培试验研究了0(CK)、24、48、96、192 mg·L-1Mg2+对‘黑美人’西瓜生育期叶片C、N代谢的影响。结果表明,Mg2+影响西瓜的整个生长发育过程,且随着浓度的提高,西瓜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势,48 mg·L-1Mg2+处理下各指标达到同期的最大值。该处理下西瓜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性均为:伸蔓期盛花期膨瓜期,表明西瓜生长的适合Mg2+浓度为48mg·L-1。膨瓜期是西瓜缺Mg的敏感期,该期适当增施Mg肥可以减轻缺Mg对西瓜叶片C、N代谢的影响。     

杉木老龄林群落的种-多度关系研究

以杉木老龄林群落为研究对象,结合对数级数和对数正态分布模型,建立3 600 m2的大样地分析杉木老龄林群落的种-多度关系。结果表明:样方的平均物种数和个体数分别为6.86种和35.75株,各样方的物种数及个体数存在极显著正相关关系,说明杉木老龄林群落中生境空间对物种个体的承载能力,还未限制其物种数量。个体数-种序(p>0.05)和频度-种序(p>0.05)的分布曲线均符合对数级数分布;对数正态分布模型则能够较好拟合个体数-种序(p>0.05)的分布曲线,但频度-种序(p<0.05)的分布曲线则不适合用该模型来解释。随着尺度的增加,物种数和个体数的变异系数、二者间的相关性及物种数的方差逐步下降,个体数的方差却呈上升的趋势。     

甘蔗新品种桂糖46号的丰产性及稳产性分析

采用高稳系数法和变异系数法分析了甘蔗新品种桂糖46号在2年区域试验中的丰产稳产性.结果表明:相比ROC22号,桂糖46号具有非常优良的丰产性,蔗茎产量和含糖量的增产(糖)非常明显,蔗糖分略高;在此基础上,桂糖46号还具有优良的稳定性,蔗茎产量和含糖量的高稳系数均高出对照30％以上,蔗糖分的高稳系数也略高,分析结果用变异系数法也得到了验证.综合来看,桂糖46号是一个高产、稳产、宿根性好、适应性广、抗倒性强、脱叶性好的优良甘蔗新品种,具有很好的推广前景.     

Effects of bFGF on brain edema,nerve function injury and autophagy related protein in rats with traumatic brain injury

AIM:To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain edema, nerve function damage and autophagy related proteins in rats with head injury. METHODS:The rat model of craniocerebral injury (CI) was constructed. The rats were divided into control group, CI group, and low-, middle-and high-dose bFGF groups (n=10). The CI model was established in CI group, while the rats in control group were not given epidural impact. The rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were given bFGF at 2, 4 and 6 μg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection after 30 min. The neurological function in the rats was evaluated by improved neurological function scoring. The rat brain tissues were taken, and the water content was detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid method. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by WST-8 assay. The glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was detected by colorimetric method. The protein levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The neurological function score was increased significantly of the rats in CI group. The rat model of craniocerebral injury was successfully constructed. Neurological function scores in the rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were reduced, the water content of the brain tissue was also reduced (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased in the brain tissues (P<0.05), the content of MDA was declined (P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were decreased, compared with the untreated rats in CI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:bFGF improves the nerve function of the rats with craniocerebral injury, reduces the water content of the brain tissue, reduces the expression of autophagic protein LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative damage.     

PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫下不同基因型 小麦品种萌发期抗旱性的综合鉴定

为了研究不同基因型小麦品种萌发期的抗旱性,以20个小麦品种为材料,采用质量分数为20%的PEG-6000溶液处理模拟干旱胁迫,测定了芽长、主胚根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和萌发抗旱指数等指标,通过主成分分析和综合评价值(F值)法对供试材料的抗旱性进行综合评价,并通过测定相关生理指标对评价结果进行了验证。结果表明,PEG-6000胁迫处理后的芽长、主胚根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均受到抑制,但不同品种的降幅存在显著差异。主成分分析表明,晋麦47、运旱618、长治6406、石4185和旱选10号抗旱性明显强于F值较低的京冬18、石家庄4号、石优20、郑麦366和郑麦9023。相关生理指标测定结果表明,F值较高的晋麦47、运旱618和长治6406的抗旱性要显著高于F值较低的京冬、石家庄4号和郑麦366。这说明基于形态指标的综合评价值法可以有效地对小麦萌发期抗旱性进行鉴定,供试材料中抗旱性较强的品种有:晋麦47、运旱618、长治6406、石4185和旱选10号,抗旱性较差的品种有:京冬18、石家庄4号、石优20、郑麦9023和郑麦366。     

利用 HPLC 分析菠萝愈伤组织 DNA 甲基化水平

建立菠萝 DNA 甲基化水平的 HPLC 测定方法，分析菠萝愈伤组织 DNA 甲基化水平变化，为进一步研究菠萝 体细胞无性系变异机理奠定基础。通过对流动相和水解温度等条件的优化，建立菠萝 DNA 甲基化水平的检测方法。结 果表明，分离 C 和 5m-C 的最佳流动相为甲醇∶磷酸二氢钾∶三乙胺为 10∶90∶0.2（V/V），pH 3.0，DNA 的最佳水解 温度为 90 ℃。利用此体系分析菠萝愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织的 DNA 甲基化变化，结果表明，菠萝愈伤组织在分化过 程中 DNA 总甲基化水平呈动态变化，变化范围为 5.14%~96.86%。此外，胚性愈伤组织甲基化水平低于非胚性愈伤组 织。推测 DNA 甲基化影响菠萝愈伤组织的分化及胚性愈伤组织的形成。     

环境因子对中肋骨条藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为了解温度、光照和磷酸盐及其交互作用对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响,每个环境因子设置3个水平[温度:17、23、29℃;光照:80、120、160μmol photons/(m~2·s);磷酸盐:0.1、1、10μmol/L],考虑环境因子间的两两交互作用,采用L18(3~7)正交实验表安排室内培养实验,研究中肋骨条藻叶绿素a浓度和光合活性的变化。结果表明,3因素3水平的实验中,中肋骨条藻在10μmol/L磷酸盐浓度下叶绿素a峰值能达到较高水平,其中最优环境因子水平组合为23℃、120μmol photons/(m~2·s)、10μmol/L。在培养期间,磷酸盐浓度对中肋骨条藻叶绿素a峰值造成极其显著的影响(P0.01),温度、光照及两两间的交互作用未对叶绿素a峰值造成显著影响(P0.05)。中肋骨条藻在10μmol/L磷酸盐浓度下光合活性更高,但光能利用效率α并未随磷酸盐浓度表现出明显差异。当中肋骨条藻处于10μmol/L和1μmol/L磷酸盐浓度时,光照对最大量子产量F_v/F_m造成显著影响(P0.05);10μmol/L磷酸盐浓度下,F_v/F_m在80和120μmol photons/(m~2·s)光强下较高;在1μmol/L磷酸盐浓度下,F_v/F_m在120μmol photons/(m~2·s)光强下最低。     

5份武夷山乌龙茶种质资源的评价筛选

[目的]筛选适合武夷山地区种植的乌龙茶种质资源,为该地区茶树种质资源的利用和推广提供参考依据.[方法]在福建省武夷山进行乌龙茶品种区域试验,对比分析参试5份乌龙茶种质资源(品系8、品系9、品系10、品系11和品系12)的物候期、发芽密度、鲜叶产量、生化成分、感官品质和抗性.[结果]品系9的采摘期较早,品系10和品系12的采摘期居中,品系11的采摘期较晚,品系8的采摘期特晚,说明供试5份乌龙茶种质资源的物候期呈现梯度,茶采摘期呈合理分布状态.品系9和品系11在2015—2017年的平均发芽密度分别比CK增加7.79%和6.56%,而其他种质资源低于CK,品系9和品系11的平均鲜叶产量分别比CK增加3.53%和20.46%,其他种质资源的平均鲜叶产量均明显低于CK;5个品系的水浸出物含量分别为46.89%、47.81%、48.08%、48.22%和49.09%,均极显著高于CK(P<0.01).综合来看品系9和品质11表现较佳;品系9香气表现最好,评分为27.0;品系10的感官品质最佳,为91.1,比CK高4.7.品系9和品系11的抗寒性均优于CK,抗旱性二者均为强;品系11的抗虫性高于CK,品系9抗虫性为中抗,综合抗逆性指标以品系11表现最优.[结论]品系9和品系11乌龙茶种质资源适合在武夷山地区及生态类似地区推广种植.     

OsHemA gene,encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice(Oryza sativa)

Chlorophyll(Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. Glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde(GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis. Even though the main role of GluTR has been established, the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency, designated as cbd1. With intact thylakoid lamellar structure, the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids(Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type. By map-based gene cloning, the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10, in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene. Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test, confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype. OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1. Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus. A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes, except for POR and CHLG, were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA, suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway. Interestingly, we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected, except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1. Collectively, OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.